Classification of Diabetes
- Dr. Armughan in category: Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes encompasses diabetes that is primarily a result of pancreatic beta cell destruction and that is prone to ketoacidosis. This form includes cases due to an autoimmune process and those for which the etiology of beta cell destruction is unknown.
Type 2 diabetes* may range from predominant insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency to a predominant secretory defect with insulin resistance.
Gestational diabetes mellitus refers to glucose intolerance with first onset or recognition during pregnancy.
A wide variety of relatively uncommon conditions are listed under “other specific types.” These consist mainly of specific genetically defined forms of diabetes or diabetes associated with other diseases or drug use.
Etiologic classification of diabetes mellitus
| Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Beta cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency • Immune mediated • Idiopathic |
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| Type 2 diabetes mellitus
May range from predominant insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency to predominant secretory defect with insulin resistance |
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| Gestational diabetes mellitus
Onset or recognition of glucose intolerance in pregnancy |
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| Other specific types | |
| Genetic defects of beta cell function
Chromosome 20, HNF-4alpha (formerly MODY1) Chromosome 7, glucokinase (formerly MODY2) Chromosome 12, HNF-1alpha (formerly MODY3) Mitochondrial DNA Others Genetic defects in insulin action Alstrom syndrome Leprechaunism Lipoatrophic diabetes Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome Type A insulin resistance Others Diseases of the pancreas Cystic fibrosis Fibrocalculous pancreatopathy Hemochromatosis Neoplasia Pancreatitis Trauma/pancreatectomy Others Endocrinopathies Acromegaly Aldosteronoma Cushing syndrome Glucagonoma Hyperthyroidism Pheochromocytoma Somatostatinoma Others |
Infections
Congenital rubella Cytomegalovirus Others Uncommon forms of immune-mediated diabetes Anti-insulin receptor antibodies ‘Stiff-man’ syndrome Others Drug or chemical induced Atypical antipsychotics Beta-adrenergic agonists Diazoxide Glucocorticoids Interferon alfa Nicotinic acid Pentamidine Phenytoin Protease inhibitors Thiazide diuretics Others Other genetic syndromes sometimes associated with diabetes Down syndrome Friedreich’s ataxia Huntington’s chorea Klinefelter syndrome Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome Myotonic dystrophy Porphyria Prader-Willi syndrome Turner syndrome Wolfram syndrome Others |
